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C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>3<\/sub>N\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u8272\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u6613\u71c3\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u70ba\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef\uff081,3-Butadiene C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u8272\u6709\u5fae\u5f31\u82b3\u9999\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u7121\u8272\u6613\u6db2\u5316\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u5408\u6210\u6a61\u81a0\uff09\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u8457\u5730\u6fc3\ufa01\u9ad8\u65bc\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7686\uf918\u9ede\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u5340\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u5de5\u696d\u5340\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9130\u8fd1\u9109\u93ae\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u5747\u5c0f\u65bc\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0810<sup>-6<\/sup>\uff09\uff08\u7e3d\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u4e00\u65e6\u9ad8\u65bc10<sup>-6<\/sup>\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u55ae\u4f4d\u5c31\u61c9\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u884c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7d93\u74b0\u4fdd\u7f72\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\u8a55\u4f30\u5be9\u67e5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u8a8d\u53ef\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u958b\u767c\u8a08\u756b\u71df\u904b\u91cf\u7522\u5f8c\uff0c28 \u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u6392\u653e\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u975e\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9130\u8fd1\u9109\u93ae\u5c45\u6c11\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u5bb3\u5f71\u97ff\u4ea6\u76f8\u5c0d\u504f\u4f4e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u958b\u767c\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u8418\u6392\u653e\u53ca\u571f\u58e4\u4ecb\u8cea\u6fc3\ufa01\u3001\u6c34\u9ad4\u4ecb\u8cea\u6fc3\ufa01\u63a8\u7b97\u852c\u679c\u98df\u5165\u98a8\u96aa\u70ba1.75\u00d710<sup>-27<\/sup>\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u56e0\u98df\u5165\u852c\u679c\u800c\u81f4\u764c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u5747\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5438\u5165\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u975e\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u90fd\u5c6c\u300c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7bc4\u570d\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7121\u660e\u986f\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u5bb3\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u807d\u5230\u958b\u767c\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u8b41\u7136\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u300c\u660e\u986f\u4f4e\u4f30\u300d\u3002\u53f0\u5927\u516c\u885b\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5433\u711c\u88d5\u4fbf\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u53c3\u6578\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u53d6\u7684\uff1f\u6839\u64da\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u6c92\u8b1b\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1f\u4e5f\u6709\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u61c9\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u79d1\u56db\u671f\u53ca\u516d\u8f15\u7b49\u958b\u767c\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u52a0\u4e58\u6548\u61c9\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u4ee5\u8f03\u4fdd\u5b88\uff08\u8f03\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u6027\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u4f5c\u696d\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u71b1\u9ede\uff08hot spot\uff09\u5340\u57df\u53ca\u7dca\u6025\u6392\u653e\u7b49\u72c0\u6cc1\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u8207\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u55ae\u4f4d\u61c9\u5efa\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08database\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u61c9\u754c\u5b9a\u8a55\u4f30\u7bc4\u7587\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u7269\u8cea\u6e05\u55ae\uff08target compounds\uff09\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u8207\u9a57\u8b49\u8a55\u4f30\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6\u670828\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300c\u5546\u696d\u9031\u520a\u300d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e2d\u8208\u5927\u5b78\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u6559\u6388\u95dc\u65bc\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u4ee5\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u9810\u4f30\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7a7a\u6c23\u6392\u653e\u91cf\uff0c\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u904b\u8f49\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u6bcf\u7acb\u65b9\u516c\u5c3a\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u61f8\u6d6e\u5fae\u7c92\uff08PM2.5\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7c92\u5f91\u5c0f\u65bc2.5\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u9846\u7c92\u7269\uff09\u589e\u52a00.6\u52302\u5fae\u514b\uff0810<sup>-6<\/sup> g\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5168\u53f0\u7063\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u76846%\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u6ce2\u666eC. Arden Pope III\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u4f30\uff0c\u5168\u53f0\u7063\u672a\u4f86\u56e0\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u7684PM2.5\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6703\u589e\u52a0339~565\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b7b\u65bc\u80ba\u764c\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u8005\u7d04234\u4eba\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u58fd\u547d\uff0c\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u6e1b\u5c1123\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9031\u520a\u5831\u5c0e\u5f15\u8d77\u6975\u5927\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u4e5f\u9080\u8acb\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u524d\u4f86\u5831\u544a\u300c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u71df\u904b\u9020\u6210PM2.5\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u80fd\u898b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3002\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u7684PM2.5\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5df2\u905434.7\u5fae\u514b\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u7f8e\u570b\u6a19\u6e9615\u5fae\u514b\u5169\u500d\u591a\uff0cPM2.5\u6fc3\u5ea6\u904e\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4f46\u6703\u52a0\u91cd\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u80ba\u764c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u95dc\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u81f4\u6b7b\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6298\u5c04\u967d\u5149\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u80fd\u898b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u8463\u4e8b\u9577\u9673\u5bf6\u90ce\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u4e0d\u6703\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6392\u51fa\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u4e0d\u6703\u53ea\u60f3\u8cfa\u9322\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u6392\u653e\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u8a79\u9577\u6b0a\u6559\u6388\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u838a\u6559\u6388\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b26\u5408\u570b\u969b\u9593\u5c0d\u65bcPM2.5 \u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u7acb\u8ad6\u4e2d\u80af\uff0c\u8a55\u4f30\u7d50\u679c\u5177\u9ad4\u3001\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u61c9\u76f4\u63a5\u7d0d\u70ba\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5371\u5bb3\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0a\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\u7532\u919b\uff08formaldehyde HCHO\uff0c\u70ba\u6613\u71c3\u3001\u6613\u63ee\u767c\u3001\u5177\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u8150\u8755\u6027\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u547c\u5438\u9053\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff09\u53ca\u6234\u5967\u8f9b\uff08<em>dioxin<\/em>\uff09\u6392\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u5be6\u3002\u8a79\u9577\u6b0a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u610f\u898b\u7b54\u5fa9\u8aaa\u660e\u66f8\u61c9\u8a72\u5168\u6578\u9000\u56de\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5c08\u696d\u4fee\u8a02\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u53ec\u958b\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u9032\u884c\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5be9\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u74b0\u8a55\u59d4\u54e1\u674e\u4fca\u748b\u6559\u6388\u900f\u904e\u66f8\u9762\u53cd\u99c1\u838a\u79c9\u6f54\u3002\u674e\u4fca\u748b\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u97ff\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u8a00\uff0cPM2.5\u5be6\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u7a7a\u6c23\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u7368\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u65cf\u7fa4\u5747\u540c\u6642\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u7a7a\u6c23\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u66b4\u9732PM2.5\u5c31\u6703\u7f79\u60a3\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u80ba\u764c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u8003\u616e\u7d0d\u5165C. Arden Pope \u2162\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u4e88\u4ee5\u52a0\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u9ad8\u4f30\u3002\u674e\u4fca\u748b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u61c9\u4f9d\u64da\u74b0\u4fdd\u7f72\u73fe\u884c\u516c\u544a\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u6280\u8853\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u8a08\u756b\u5c0d\u5468\u570d\u5c45\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5f37\u884c\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u8a55\u4f30\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u4e88\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u50c5\u9078\u64c7\u90e8\u5206\u5371\u5bb3\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u6545\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u6c7a\u8b70\uff0c\u8acb\u958b\u767c\u55ae\u4f4d\u8868\u5217\u51fa\u7269\u8cea\u6e05\u55ae\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f38\u5165\u53c3\u6578\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\u660e\u5371\u5bb3\u7269\u8cea\u6e05\u55ae\u7be9\u9078\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u8003\u91cf\u74b0\u5883\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7b49\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5de5\u5b89\u610f\u5916\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u7570\u5e38\u7b49\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u6d29\u6f0f\u8207\u5ee2\u6c34\u4e2d\u9664VOCs\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5371\u5bb3\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2010\u5e7411\u670811\u65e5\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u4ecd\u5c0d\u8a55\u4f30\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u591a\u9805\u4fee\u6b63\u53ca\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u6709\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u4fee\u6b63\u5f8c\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u6216\u975e\u81f4\u764c\u98a8\u96aa\u5747\u8d85\u904e\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u98a8\u96aa\uff08&gt;10<sup>-6<\/sup>\uff09\u53ca\u5927\u65bc1\/2 HQ\uff08\u5371\u5bb3\u5546\u6578\uff0cHazard Quotient\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u5f88\u78ba\u5b9a\u8db3\u5920\u964d\u4f4e\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u8003\u616e\u540c\u610f\u958b\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u5433\u711c\u88d5\u6559\u6388\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u4fc2\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u767e\u51fa\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u6280\u8853\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u6c11\u773e\u53ef\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f5c\u70ba\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\u8a55\u4f30\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff1b\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\u61c9\u8a72\u62ff\u51fa\u8aa0\u610f\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u8207\u9ad8\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4fe1\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u5f70\u5316\u8207\u96f2\u6797\u9109\u89aa\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u5426\u5247\u5f88\u96e3\u6d88\u9664\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u4e14\u5f92\u589e\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u6b21\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u8b70\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u78ba\u8a8d\u570b\u5149\u77f3\u5316\u5ee0\u5340\u9130\u8fd1\u9109\u93ae\u5c45\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u55ae\u4f4d\u61c9\u5f9e\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u8655\u7406\u6280\u8853\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9632\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u3001\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u300d\u7b49\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u884c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u767d\u8272\u6d77\u8c5a\uff0c\u8f49\u500b\u5f4e\u5f4e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u83ef\u767d\u6d77\u8c5a\uff08\u5b78\u540d\uff1aSousa chinensis\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u5370\u5ea6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u99dd\u80cc\u8c5a\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u4eba\u70ba\u5e72\u64fe\u548c\u958b\u767c\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u65b7\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u570b\u969b\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u80b2\u806f\u76df\uff08International Union for Conservation of Nature\uff09\u7de8\u64b0\u7684\u300c\u7015\u5371\u7269\u7a2e\u7d05\u76ae\u66f8\uff08Red List of Threatened 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